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Water buffalo are being used for ploughing and other forms of work force, and as a source of meat, leather and healthy milk. They can be found around Asia and in places like Turkey, Italy, Australia and Egypt to mansion a few.
They are mostly found in places where there is lots of rain or water because they get dehydrated quickly and require water and mud to wallow around in. The water buffalo population on the globe is around 172 million, with 96 % of them in Asia.
Water buffalo are called carabao in the Philippines and are known as the national animal of the country. In India their dairy is a major source of protein. In Southeast Asia they plough rice fields.
One Thai animal farmer said, "they're the anchor of the nation and have been important to our way of life. "Described as the "living tractor of the East," they have been introduced to Europe, Africa, the Americas, Australia, Japan, and Hawaii. There are seventy four types of water buffalo.
The water buffalo or domestic Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is a huge bovid found on the Indian subcontinent to Vietnam and Peninsular Malaysia, in Sri Lanka, in Luzon Island in the Philippines, and not forgetting Borneo. The wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) native to Southeast Asia is known as a different species but most likely represents the ancestor of the local water buffalo.
There are 2 types of water buffalo--each considered a subspecies--are based on morphological and behavioural criteria:
1) the river buffalo of the Indian subcontinent and further west to the Balkans and Italy; plus
2) the swamp buffalo, found from Assam in the west going through Southeast Asia to the Yangtze area of China in the east.
The original birth place of the domestic water buffalo breeds are debated, although results of a phylogenetic research indicate that the swamp type may have come from China and domesticated about 4,000 years back, while the river type may have came from India and was domesticated about 5,000 years back.
According to Encyclopedia Britannica, the river buffalo was present by 2500 BC in India and 1000 BC in Mesopotamia. The kind was selected mainly for its milk, which includes 8 percent butterfat. Breeds include the Murrah with its curled horns, the Surati, and the Jafarabadi.
Swamp buffalo so much closely look like wild water buffalo and are used as draft livestock in rice paddies throughout Southeast Asia. Breeds range from the 900-kg (2, 000-pound) Thai and haizi to the 400-kg wenzhou and carabao. Children ride them to their wallows after their labours and wash their faces and ears.
These livestock are especially suited to tilling grain fields, and the milk is richer in fat and more protein than that of the dairy cattle. Through much of Southeast Asia and South Asia water buffalo remain the key draft livestock for farming, although tractors have replaced them in many areas, particularly where crops besides rice are cultivated.
Buffalo, predominantly of the swamp kind is well suited to paddy culture. It's capable to flourish on rough fodder and roughage indigestible by other livestock, and are found in all sorts of farming areas.
Even in poor places, small paddy livestock farmers mostly own at least 1 animal. After maturing, buffalo are being used as draft animals for five or 6 years, or until they are too old to work, then they are slaughtered and sold for meat.
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